Mothers
Who Kill Their Children: Understanding the Acts of Moms from
Susan Smith to the "Prom Mom" -- "Through
vivid sketches of the lives of women who have killed their
children, Meyer and Oberman shatter the myth that such mothers
are necessarily mad or monstrous. This carefully researched
account shows how social forces can contribute to both the
causes and the cures for infanticide. Readers will find themselves
shifting from asking, 'How could she do that?' to 'How could
we have let that happen to her?'." --Laura J. Miller,
MD, Editor Postpartum Mood Disorders and Chief of Women's
Mental Health Services, University of Illinois at Chicago
Bitter
Medicine: Two Doctors, Two Deaths, and a Small Town's Search
for Justice
by Carlton Smith -- Port Angeles Wa , a blue collar timber
and fishing town, in 1998. Dr. Turner, a respected pediatrician,
who had practiced in the community for 25 years, was accused
of causing the death of a brain dead infant who stopped breathing
at home. After 2 attempts at resuscitation Turner closed off
the infant's nose and mouth. Charges against Turner were eventually
dropped. Several weeks later an emergency room physician brutally
murdered his wife. His defense -- insanity. A jury apparently
bought it and Dr. Bruce Rowan was found not guilty.
Infanticide
- Has been practiced on every continent by people on every level
of cultural complexity, from hunters and gatherers to high civilization,
including our own ancestors. Rather than being an exception, it
has been the rule. Statistically, the US ranks high on the list
of countries whose inhabitants kill their children. For infants
under the age of 1 year, the American homicide rate is 11th in the
world, while for ages 1 - 4 it is 1st and for ages 5 - 14 it is
4th. From 1968 to 1975, infanticide of all ages accounted for 3.2%
of all homicides in the US.
Many new mothers experience
a mild depression called the baby
blues. Postpartum blues usually begin 1 or 2 days after delivery
and can last up to 3 weeks. These out-of-control feelings can add
to anxiety and fear.
Purephrial
psychosis, the rarest form of Post Partum illness affects 1%
- 3% of all new mothers, 1 to 3 cases for every 1,000 births. 70%
of new mothers who suffer psychosis have no history of psychiatric
illness. It is the most severe form of the illness and can cause
a break with reality in the new mother.
Is
Garrett Wilson a loving father and a terrific husband? Or a
relentless womanizer who murdered 2 of his children for insurance
money? In 1987, Wilson's 5 month-old son, Garrett Michael, died.
Missy Anastasi, Wilson's wife at the time, suspected foul play.
But a medical examiner ruled that the baby had died from Sudden
Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Seven years later, Anastasi discovered
that Wilson had secretly divorced her to marry another woman, and
had another child. Convinced that Wilson was a killer, she asked
police to look into her son's death. What
they found shocked them. Can police gather
enough evidence? Read Chapter 1 of Adrian Havill's gripping
examination of the Garrett
Wilson case.-- Part
II - Part
III - Part
IV - Part
V
While
Innocents Slept: A Story of Revenge, Murder and Sids by
Adrian Havill -- Death seemed to be part of Garrett Wilson's life.
Both of his parents had died by the time he was in his early twenties.
So friends shrugged when sadly, an infant daughter, and then a
son, succumbed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Six years later,
after he divorced his wife, Missy, and married another woman,
his former spouse became convinced that their child's passing
was anything but natural. Was it cold-blooded murder by Garrett,
or a quest for revenge by his ex-wife? Missy's own investigation
led to Garrett Wilson's arrest and eventual trial. Havill takes
us through each stage of this intricate and chilling story all
the way to the courtroom, where the jury's stunning verdict is
given.
Not
without precedent -- There have been other filicide cases like
that of Andrea Pia Yates. Courts
nationwide have numerous examples of women of killing their children.
Breaking
Point
Suzy Spencer
Explores the case of Andrea
Yates, the Houston, Texas, mother suspected in the deaths
of her five children, ages six months to seven years, whom she
allegedly drowned in the family home's bathtub in June 2001.
Louise
Woodward,19 - Became so impatient with 8-month-old Matthew Eappen's
crying that she shook him violently to quiet him. She slammed the
infant against a hard surface (floor) to silence him. Eappen suffered
a fractured skull and died from his injury.
William
and Denise Fischer of rural Westchester County, NY, hired Swiss
au pair Olivia Riner, 20, to care for their infant daughter, Kristie.
In December 1991, while they were at work, there was a fire in the
nursery that killed the 3-month-old while she slept in her bedroom.
She was charred beyond recognition. Riner, the only witness to the
crime and prime suspect, made no attempt to save the burning baby.
Flammable solvent had been poured around the baby and the bed of
an adult stepsister who also resided in the home. Rine was acquitted
though the despondent nanny, who had been in the US only 1 month,
most likely committed the crime.
Why
They Kill Their Newborns - 18-year-old college couple, Amy
Grossberg and Brian Peterson, delivered their baby in a motel
room, killed him and left his body in a dumpster. 18-year-old, Melissa
Drexler, arrived at her high-school prom, locked in a bathroom
stall, she gave birth to a boy and left him dead in a garbage can.
Next: she touched herself up and returned to the dance floor. A
grand jury indicted her for murder. New Jersey Prom Girl, Melissa
Drexler and the McCaughey septuplets are two examples pointing to
a culture
of ambivalence in the US around the conception and care of children.
In Los Angeles
County in one year there were 10 newborns left to die; several summers
ago, 3 were discarded in Southern California beach communities.
In Monmouth County, NJ, where Drexler
left her baby, there were 12 abandoned babies in the past 10 years.
4 New Jersey teenagers have abandoned babies in the past 6 months.
How
to ignore an attempted infanticide -After twin newborn girls
were found dead in the pit of an outhouse October 9, 1994, Princeton
RCMP launched a homicide investigation that continues today. "The
autopsy determined they were alive when they were born," says Constable
Ray Kinloch. "They probably died as a result of being thrown down
the hole there and just left."
In 1987,
Mary Beth Tinning of Schenectady, New York, was convicted of killing
one of her children. Prosecutors were unable to prove Ms. Tinning
was responsible for the deaths of her eight other children, none
of whom lived beyond age 5. She drove a school bus in Schenectady,
New York. She even worked as a nurse's aide in a pediatric ward.
But this seemingly normal woman killed her ninth child by smothering
it and is suspected of doing the same to her other eight children--while
escaping suspicion for more than a decade.
Between
1949 and 1968, Marie
Noe had 10 children: 7 girls and 3 boys. Two of the children
lived just one month. One died after 13 days, another after 14 months.
Not
one lived to see a second birthday. In all except two of the
deaths, Mrs. Noe said the babies had died while sleeping when she
was home alone with them. Eventually the deaths were blamed on Sudden
Infant Death Syndrome, also known as SIDS. Philadelphia investigators
had been waiting for decades to hear Marie
Noe, 70, admit she smothered 8 of her babies in the '40s, '50s
and '60s. She made that confession in a small courtroom, pleading
guilty to 8 counts of 2nd-degree murder, while Arthur, 77, wept
in the gallery.
The
Hidden Feelings of Motherhood: Coping with Stress, Depression,
and Burnout-- New
mothers often feel overwhelmed and frustrated, working 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week, for no pay and little respect. Depression
is so common in mothers of infants that the American Psychological
Association considers young motherhood a risk factor for depression.
University of New Hampshire psychologist and postpartum depression
expert Kathleen A. Kendall-Tackett helps mothers explore negative
feelings and cope with them.
Antepartum
and Postpartum Depression Margaret G. Spinelli, MD - Women with
antepartum depression have a risk of poor nutrition, substance abuse,
and prenatal noncompliance. The 3 postpartum mood disorders: postpartum
"blues," postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis are common.
Education is an important instrument in the treatment of these disorders.
Infanticide:
Psychosocial and Legal Perspectives on Mothers Who Kill
Thirteen contributions from psychiatrists, psychologists, and
lawyers discuss the epidemiology of infanticide and historical
legal statutes, biopsychosocial and cultural perspectives (postpartum
disorders; denial of pregnancy; culture, scarcity, and maternal
thinking); contemporary legislation; and treatment and prevention.
Margaret G. Spinelli Psychiatry, Columbia U. College of Physicians
and Surgeons.
Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Pregnant
teenagers - Need to know they are not alone and there are professionals
willing to help them.
Mothers
suffering from profound depression - Differ from teens who kill
their newborns and mothers who neglect or abuse their children.
They often provide unheeded warnings and attempt suicide.
Medical testimony
in early modern trials for infanticide and the history of legislative
reform has generated a series of academic articles Newborn Child Murder: Women, Illegitimacy and
the Courts in Eighteenth-Century England(Manchester,
1996). More recently, synthesizing recent research
in the history of infanticide and providing a resource for researchers
and teachers in the fields of criminal, medical, and gender history:
Infanticide:
Historical Perspectives on on Child Murder and Concealment, 1550-2000Ashgate, 2002. Two Ph.D.
researchers currently working in this area: Cath Quinn, researching
the social history of puerperal insanity; and Graham Chester,
researching infanticide in 19th-century Devon.
Infanticide
Child-murder - According to the French Criminal Code the word
is limited to the murder of the newborn infant. In English it has
been used for the deprivation of life from the moment of conception
up to the age of 2 or 3 years. Except under Hebrew and Christian
law, the killing of very young children by their parents has been
either legally permitted or practiced with impunity.
Punishing
the Unfathomable When Mothers Kill - Justice System Faces Difficult
Dilemmas - More than 24 countries have laws standardizing the treatment
of mothers who kill children in the months after giving birth. In
the US, what happens to mothers who kill varies. One woman has been
executed for killing her children. Christina Riggs, admitted killing
her two children in 1998 during a failed suicide attempt, was put
to death in Arkansas last year. 8 other women sit on death row for
murdering their children
Case
Study: Female Infanticide - The phenomenon of female infanticide
is as old as many cultures, and has accounted for millions of gender-selective
deaths throughout history. It remains a concern in "Third World"
countries today, notably the two most populous countries on earth,
China and India. Female infanticide reflects the low status accorded
to women in the world; it is the most brutal and destructive manifestation
of the anti-female bias that pervades "patriarchal" societies. It
is closely linked to the phenomena of sex-selective abortion, which
targets female fetuses almost exclusively and neglect of girl children.
Will
India's Ban on Prenatal Sex Determination Slow Abortion of Girls?
- 50 million women are "missing" in the Indian population. Generally
three principle causes are given: female infanticide, better food
and health care for boys and maternal death at childbirth. The situation
is similar in China and other Asian and Middle Eastern countries.
Prenatal sex determination and the abortion of female fetuses threatens
to skew the sex ratio to new highs with unknown consequences.
Students
Protest Princeton Professor Who Advocates Infanticide - April
1999 - More than 100 protesters denounced Princeton University for
hiring a philosopher whose extreme views include allowing parents
to end the lives of their severely disabled infants.
Dr. Larry Milner,
Illinois physician and founder of the Society for the Prevention
of Infanticide, says as many as 10% of babies across all cultures
are killed by their parents. Milner, author of the book Hardness of Heart/Hardness of Life, believes some
people have a genetic predisposition for infanticide. Adam Marcus HealthScout Reporter
Out
of the Darkness: Postpartum Depression Is Not Something We Can Fight
Aloneby Sheila MacDonald
I
am not a doctor, a husband, a well known person or a psychiatrist.
I am a woman who is just one of thousands who have suffered from
Postpartum Depression. My book is associated with the feelings I
had during my Postpartum Depression period that some women are afraid
to tell. My story is for selfish reasons: I needed to find out how
far my depression took me. I am taking a chance by opening my heart
and soul to help women who are suffering from this debilitating
disease, "as we have seen could be fatal to children and women."
With the press that had covered Postpartum Depression mainly (Andrea
Yates Murder Trial) they will definitely push women deeper into
the hole because one might think that every Postpartum Depression
case is the same. Women are already afraid to share what is really
going on in their minds. I feel the Medical Profession, Women, Men,
Health Care Providers and the Psychiatry field could benefit from
my story. My main concern is reaching women who have these thoughts
to realize they are just stuck in the cycle of Postpartum Depression.