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Article III of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch as one of the three branches of federal government. The other two branches are the legislative and executive. Federal courts, the guardians of the Constitution, protect rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Congress, not the Courts, make laws. Federal courts resolve disputes by interpreting and applying laws. Only the President and executive branch departments and agencies have the power to enforce the laws. The courts do not have this power. The US judicial power is vested in one supreme Court, and inferior Courts ordained and established by Congress. Intermediate appellate courts "courts of appeals," trial courts, and two special jurisdiction trial courts are established by Congress. Thirteen courts of appeals serving 12 geographic regions; and the Court of Appeals, a specialized appellate court of the Federal Circuit are organized in circuits. Congress is responsible for the federal courts. Federal judges serve for life, unless removed by congressional impeachment. US Federal Judiciary - 3 tiered hierarchy of courts. The 94 US District Courts in 50 states and US dependent territories hear cases allowed under the Constitution and federal law where crimes violate federal laws or disputes between citizens of different states. Above the district courts; the 13 Circuit Courts of Appeal only hear district court appeals on issues of law and questions legal interpretation. Circuit Court rulings are appealed to the United States Supreme Court, the highest court of the land. The Supreme Court only accept cases of constitutional significance. "United States (Government)," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2001 http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Trial courts are organized by state and US territory judicial districts. Each judicial district includes a US bankruptcy court. The Court of International Trade and the US Court of Federal Claims are special trial courts. Judges holding Office are to be held to the highest degree of integrity. They should be conscientious, fair, without influence by public praise, and indifferent to private, political, or partisan influences. For more detailed information about the federal judicial system, organization, administration, and relationship to the legislative and executive branches of the government, consult Understanding the Federal Courts (1999) From Congress, In Their Own Words The PACER Service Center is the Federal Judiciary's centralized registration, billing, and technical support center for electronic access to U.S. District, Bankruptcy, and Appellate court records. Emory Law School and Law Library Ready Reference DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dept. of Social Services, argued in the Supreme Court is an introduction to the Socratic method in Constitutional Law. Keeler v. Superior Court is an introduction to how the Socratic method works. CNN Law Center - Court News FindLaw A multi-faceted portal. Its comprehensive index links to resources in more than 30 practice areas. Beyond its index are an ever-growing library of free court opinions and statutory codes." The real life world of prosecutors and defense lawyers. Boston district attorney's office high volume of criminal cases, and courtroom plea bargain. Part I follows prosecutors and defense attorneys through District Court where minor crimes are heard; Part II examines Superior Court and violent crimes The Pro Bono Institute/Law Firm Pro Bono Project Judicial Ethics - American Legal Ethics Library Bill Moyers explores the concern among judges that campaign contributions to judges corrupt the judicial system, threaten independence and the integrity of state judges. This investigation looks at state judges' decisions and judicial elections in Texas,Louisiana, and Pennsylvania with interviews with judges about the influence of money in the justice system. The Pro Bono Institute/Law Firm Pro Bono Project Conspiracy Against Rights -- Section 241 of Title 18 is the civil rights conspiracy statute that makes it unlawful for 2 or more persons to agree to injure, threaten, or intimidate a person in the free exercise any right or privilege secured by the Constitution or laws of the US. Section 241 does not require a conspirator to commit an overt act prior to the conspiracy becoming a crime. The offense is punishable by a up to a life term or the death penalty. The Probate Pit -- A system designed to help Colorado's most fragile citizens plunges them into an upside-down world of justice as family members and guardians fight over finances and life decisions. None Dare Call It Treason -- Five Supreme Court Justices are criminals in the truest sense of the word. "Real Justice" -- Criminal courts in Fenway Park: Emergency room triage. Defenders, prosecutors, and judges alike work merely to process defendants through the system and make it to the end of the day. Verdicts Swelling From Big to Bigger -- A Los Angeles jury awarded a dying smoker $28 billion in an action against a tobacco company, and a Kentucky jury delivered a $271 million award to a burn victim in a personal injury suit against a utility. Federal court may still allow junk statistics - Although federal courts attempt to eliminate the testimony of 'junk science' experts, testimony based on 'junk statistics' continue to be admissible. Such testimony has recently been endorsed by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. A shooting took place during the FBI director's news conference in Wisconsin's Milwaukee County Safety Building housing the courtrooms, next to the police headquarters. After a 20-year-old defendant was found guilty of murder, he leapt across the defense table, grabbed the bailiff's revolver and fired it into the bailiff's abdominal area. The wound, was not life threatening. Another bailiff shot the defendant dead. Eyewitness testimony -- Relies on the accuracy of human memory, but has an enormous impact on a trial. Gavel-to-gavel coverage of the Senate Impeachment Trial Death Penalty Decisions of the United States Supreme Court by Maureen Harrison, Steve Gilbert --This contains the actual text of the Supreme Court's most significant death penalty decisions, edited into plain, non-legal English. How credible are child witnesses? Child Witness Cases Kari & Associates
Copyright Kari Sable Burns 1994-2007 |
Famous Trials (Crime and Detection) by Joan Lock, Mason Crest Publishers, Charlie Fuller
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