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For a long time Southern whites hadn't wanted blacks to become Christians, preferring to pretend that slaves had no souls. From 1619, when the first human captives landed in Virginia, until 1773 there were no black churches anywhere in America, and the only blacks in white churches were relegated to the galleries. The Rosa Parks Story Theodore Porter Ball, the son of an old plantation clan came from Charleston, South Carolina. Ball plantations were the oldest and there were more than 20 along Cooper River. Between 1698 - 1865, the family of slave traders brokered nearly 4,000 Blacks either born into slavery or imported Their crop was "Carolina Gold" rice. By the late 17th century, Virginia had a plantation economy in need of a labor force, but South Carolina had a labor force in search of a plantation economy. With a tobacco economy, Virginia imported slaves when its supply of indentured servants declined near the end of the century. When Virginia recruited more slaves than servants, there was a large white population. Until the end of the 17th century, they were not a slave society. By the 18th century slaves played a central role. In 1700, blacks were 1/6th of the Chesapeake's colonial population. Slaves were central to South Carolina's success. With the In 1666 settlers pointed out that "these Settlement have been made and upheld by Negroes and without constant supplies of them cannot subsist." In the 1670s, slaves made up almost 1/3rd of the new colony's population. In the 1830s, for the first time a significant minority of white Americans began to embraced racial equality. Slaves and the Courts 1740 -1860 -- Legal cases "concerning the difficult and troubling experiences of slaves in the American colonies and the US." Accounts from "some of the defendants and plaintiffs themselves as well as those of abolitionists, presidents, politicians, slave owners, fugitive and free territory slaves, lawyers and judges, and justices of the US Supreme Court." Library of Congress Chronology on the History of Slavery and Racism -- Timeline on slavery and the history of racism to guide research into the history of enslaved Americans of African descent. innercity.org
The politics of lynching -- According to official NAACP figures, between 1890 and 1960, 5,200 blacks were burned, shot or mutilated by lynch mobs. The death toll is almost certainly higher, since sheriffs and local officials didn't deem the murders significant enough to report. The blame for 7 decades of lynching lies with the federal government. Land was often the motive for lynchings -- Doria Dee Johnson often asked about the man in the portrait hanging in an aunt's living room - her great-great-grandfather. "It's too painful," her elderly relatives would say. Johnson, 40, went to look for answers in Abbeville, SC. She learned the man in the portrait, Anthony P. Crawford, was a prosperous farmer until the day the 51- year-old farmer hauled a wagon load of cotton to town. Links to sites about racial violence and reconciliation From, the mid-1870s, at the end of Reconstruction, and World War II, there were 3,500 documented incidents of lynching and mob violence against African Americans. The victims were tortured, hung, and displayed publicly or dismembered for souvenirs. Rosewood Florida lynching in 1923 was a tragedy of American democracy and the American legal system. system.
Jack Johnson was the first black heavyweight boxing champion of the world. In 1913 Johnson was charged and convicted by an all-white jury of violating the Mann Act, outlawing the transportation of Caucasian women across state lines for purposes of prostitution.
Emmett Louis Till -- How two grown men got by with torturing a 14 year old boy to death and then sold the details of their story for pay.
Black college students from North Carolina A&T University refused to leave a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina after being denied service on February 1, 1960. Two months later, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), was created at Shaw University in Raleigh to coordinate sit-ins, support for civil rights, and publicity. Feb. 1, 1960, The Greensboro Four felt isolated and alone as they sat at that whites-only lunch counter at the Woolworth Store.
On Tuesday June 24, 2005, in Philadelphia, Mississippi exactly forty-one years after three civil rights workers James Chaney, 21, Andrew Goodman, 20, and Michael Schwerner, 24, were killed by Edgar Ray Killen, a Klansman, was found guilty on three counts of manslaughter. Killen, an 80-year-old preacher, received a 60 year sentence. The "Freedom Summer" killings of 1964 galvanized the lead to the major civil rights reform in voting, education and public accommodations. Biography of Edgar Killen. Pre-trial news. Murder Indictment The 1963 Birmingham Bombing -- Sunday morning, September 15, 1963, the Ku Klux Klan bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, killing four girls. This murderous act shocked the nation and galvanized the civil rights movement. Church bombing timeline. Bobby Frank Cherry, 71, Birmingham, Alabama is guilty of the 1963 murder of 4 young African-American girls caught in an explosion inside of church. Forty years later.
The Ghosts of Medgar Evers --1994 -- The 3rd and final trial of white supremacist Byron De La Beckwith for the June 12, 1963, assassination of Medgar Evers, 37, the NAACP's first field secretary in Mississippi. The Mississippi civil rights leader was shot in the back with in the driveway of his house before his wife and 3 young children. The murderer, freed by two white, male hung juries 30 years before, was brought to justice by Mississippians.
Over 40 years ago, conflict over integration of Little Rock Central High School captured the attention of the world. That crisis stands as the most significant news event in Little Rock's 20th century history. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., leader of America's greatest nonviolent movement for justice, equality and peace. James Earl Ray, the convicted assassin of Martin Luther King Jr. Ray's brother Jerry worked for a convicted church-bomber and professional anti-Semite J. B. Stoner.
Harry Moore is the Florida coordinator of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which in 1951 was the only viable civil rights organization in the country. For 17 years, traveling alone usually, at night, where no restaurant would serve him, no motel would house him, and some gas stations wouldn't let him fill his tank, empty his bladder, or use the phone. He launched his own investigations of brutal lynching and mob violence. On June 17, 1966, two men entered the Lafayette Grill in Paterson, New Jersey, and shot four people, killing three. Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, a onetime contender for the middleweight boxing crown, and John Artis, an acquaintance of Carter's, were charged with the murders. In a highly publicized and racially loaded trial, the prosecution hinged its case upon the convoluted and contradictory testimonies of two lifelong criminals, and failed to present any definitive evidence of Carter and Artis's guilt. Both innocent men were sentenced to life in prison. The Truth About Rubin "Hurricane" Carter -- Carolyn Kelley, a 61-year-old from Newark, was working as a bail bondswoman in 1975 when boxer Muhammad Ali asked her to get involved in the effort to win a new trial for "Hurricane," who claimed he had been framed in a triple murder.
James Byrd Jr. - Jasper Texas -- He was on his way home from a party on June 7, 1998, when he accepted a ride with 3 men in a pickup. 2 days after finding John William King guilty of dragging James Byrd Jr., 49, to death a jury gave him the death penalty.The murder of James Byrd Jr., spurred demands for toughening the state's hate-crime law and for passage of federal hate-crime legislation.
Huey P. Newton co-founder and leader of the Black Panther movement for over 2 decades. Criminal Communities -- Whites say statistics reflect a disproportionate number of criminals are young black men, while blacks say the numbers are the product of a legal system tilted against them. Fair.org I Am A Man -- Were the words on the signs carried by 1,300 striking Memphis sanitation workers, nearly all black, in 1968. The strike had begun after February 1, 1968, when 2 workers seeking shelter, inside the rear of a garbage truck, during a torrential rainstorm were crushed when a switch was thrown. The city refused to compensate the victims' families. That was compounded when 22 black sewer workers were sent home without pay. What Do You Stand For? -- "I stood up because I couldn't not." -- For over a decade, South Carolinian Ammie Murray stood up against racial crimes as a local church was burnt, vandalized, and reconstructed twice. Within 24 hours of Stephen Lawrence's murder on April 23, 1993 in a London suburb, police had the names of 5 suspects. No arrests were made for 2 weeks, allowing suspects to destroy evidence, concoct alibis, and intimidate witnesses. Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Racist Punishment Wrongfully Endures San Quentin--- The California state prison here is a sprawling complex clearly visible from the San Rafael Bridge and with a spectacular view of the Bay Area, but the lives of the men inside the penitentiary, and the execution of its death row inmates, are largely absent from the public's consciousness. The Amadou Diallo Foundation -- Started in August 1999 by Saikou A. Diallo, the father of Amadou Diallo, to insure his son's death would not be in vain. The foundation's objective is to memorialize Amadou by furthering education, humanitarian causes and charity. The mission of the Urban League movement is to enable African Americans to secure economic self-reliance, parity and power and civil rights. Is Jim Crow Justice Alive Today? -- "Racial profiling" occurs when the police target someone for investigation on the basis of that person's race, national origin, or ethnicity. ACLU What's Race Got To Do With It? -- Despite a crime wave, Cincinnati's cops pull back, underscoring the stakes in the conflict over racial profiling. Time In Cincinnati, Rage Still Simmers -- After the fatal shooting of an unarmed black man, Cincinnati is still trying to come to terms with its demons. White lies -- Asking "How could it happen here?" reveals the racism behind our thinking about violence. Salon Alex Curtis: 'Lone Wolf' of Hate Prowls the Internet -- One of the most radical and influential voices on the racist right hopes that a violent revolution will topple the United States government, he considers "a Jew-occupied government," and replace it with a "race-centered" government, with citizenship and residency restricted to "those of pure White ancestry." Anti-Defamation League CONFEDERATE FLAG SYMBOL OF EVIL AND HATE Kweisi Mfume, President & CEO, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, said the Confederate flag today represents evil in much the same way as the German Swastika. White Girl -- A dialogue on race. Nothing is Just Black or White It's a simple question, but the answer defines who you are...how you live...and what you are really about. If you could heal racism, where would you start? What would your one wish be? The Two Nations of Black America -- Henry Louis Gates, Jr., explores the gaping chasm between upper and lower classes of black America: "How have we reached this point where we have both the largest black middle class and the largest black underclass in our history?" Kari & Associates Copyright Kari Sable 1994-2006 |
Support this site with your purchases! Mississippi Burning DVD (1989) -- Gene Hackman and Willem Dafoe star in this successful civil rights-era thriller. Inspired by the real-life 1964 disappearance of three civil rights workers, it tells the story of two FBI men who go in to try to solve the crime. The FBI's efforts incite more violence. Frances McDormand, received an Oscar® nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Hackman was nominated for Best Actor, and the film won a Cinematography Academy Award. A terrific cast at the top of their game. Chased: Alone, Black, and Undercover by Billy Chase, Lenny Grimaldi Mercy, Mercy Me: The Art, Loves and Demons of Marvin Gaye -- by Michael Eric Dyson -- Twenty years after his murder at the hands of his own father, Marvin Gaye defines the Motown generation. His career spanned the history of rhythm and blues, from doo-wop to the sultriest of soul music; Gaye magnified the contradictions that defined America in the tumultuous 1970s. Through interviews with those close to Gaye--from his musical beginnings in a Washington, D.C., black church in to his days as a "ladies' man" in Motown, from the artistic heights of the landmark album What's Going On? From struggles with addiction and domestic violence, an indelible portrait of contemporary urban America: economic adversity, the drug industry, racism, and the long legacy of hardship. Published to coincide with the 20th anniversary of Gaye's death in 1984, infused with Mercy, Mercy Me is a celebration of an American icon and a lost generation's moods, music, and morals. Gangsta King: Raymond Lee Washington (2003) The social and racial upheaval of the 60's sparked the creation of politically and socially active clubs. Groups like the Black Panthers tried to protect their communities from the violence that was perpetrated against them in the name of racism. The demise of these groups led young Raymond Lee Washington to create his own club with the same ideals and political ideologies that he admired. He formed the infamous and feared LA gangs, the Crips. In an exclusive first-time interview, Gregg "Batman" Davis, an original member of the Crips, sheds light on the group and the man behind it all. Rough Amusements: The True Story of A'Lelia Walker, Patroness of the Harlem Renaissance's Down-Low Culture Biography - Malcolm X: A Search For Identity (1987) VHS The angry voice of a people kept silent for centuries. But his outspoken independence led to his assassination. Biography brings you his story, beginning with his childhood in a racist, segregated Jazz Age of America, his early years as the Harlem hoodlum "Detroit Red." Through his prison conversion and rise to prominence with the Nation of Islam, founded by Elijah Mohammed. where he became a voice of hope for African-Americans. Malcolm X was pitted against Louis Farrakhan. Malcolm X biographer Peter Goldman, describes how an adult daughter of Malcolm was charged with plotting to assassinate Louis Farrakhan in the 1990s. Interviews, photos and film footage.
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-- Historian Gary May reveals the untold story of the murder of civil rights worker Viola Liuzzo, shot to death by members of the Birmingham Ku Klux Klan at the end of Martin Luther King’s Voting Rights March in 1965. The case was solved because one of the Klansman present during the shooting was Gary Thomas Rowe, an undercover FBI informant. Rowe’s information and testimony were a triumph of law enforcement. Based on previously unexamined FBI and Justice Department Records, The Informant demonstrates that the FBI became an accessory to some of the most grotesque crimes of the Civil Rights era including a vicious attack on the Freedom Riders and the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. 
